Korte omschrijving:Focale dystonieën komen bij musici betrekkelijk vaak voor, betreffen meestal een hand of één of meerdere vingers, en zijn meestal taakspecifiek.
Slechts zelden is een dergelijke taakspecificatie hand- of vingerdystonie het eerste teken van een aandoening van het centrale zenuwstelsel.
Wel worden er vaker dan bij andere "beroepskrampen" compressieneuropathieën of beperkende peesverbindingen in de arm gevonden, die mogelijk luxerend (beïnvloedend of predisponerend) werken op het ontstaan van een dystonie. Het effect van injecties met botuline-toxine is bij deze beroepsgroep die zeer hoge eisen stelt aan de hand-en vingerbewegingen, meestal niet volledig bevredigend.
Bron: Moll & Rietveld
Emotional & Mental Health
Although dystonia is a movement disorder that impacts the physical body, it can also impact emotional and psychological health.
Not only is the very nature of dystonia (particularly aspects like pain and disability) stressful, but also the areas of the brain affected by dystonia are associated, in part, with thinking and emotion as well as muscle movement.
For years, mental health professionals have recognized that coping with a chronic disorder like dystonia is similar to grieving a loss, such as a death or divorce. Common phases of dealing with dystonia include denial, guilt/shame, anger, bargaining, fear, depression, and acceptance. In some cases, the adjustment to chronic illness is so drastic that an individual's experience is comparable to the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder that affects survivors of combat or intense violence.
Similarly, the area of the brain that is implicated in dystonia, called the basal ganglia, are associated with not only controlling muscle movement, but also mood and behaviors, so it is not surprising that there is some evidence that people with dystonia may be at a higher risk of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety than the general population.
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